webdav/home/moxa/c/open-ocpp/3rdparty/libwebsockets/lib/secure-streams - 志元云盘

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# Secure Streams

Secure Streams is a networking api that strictly separates payload from any
metadata.  That includes the client endpoint address for the connection, the tls
trust chain and even the protocol used to connect to the endpoint.

The user api just receives and transmits payload, and receives advisory
connection state information.

The details about how the connections for different types of secure stream should
be made are held in JSON "policy database" initially passed in to the context
creation, but able to be updated from a remote copy.

Both client and server networking can be handled using Secure Streams APIS.

![overview](/doc-assets/ss-operation-modes.png)

## Secure Streams CLIENT State lifecycle

![overview](/doc-assets/ss-state-flow.png)

Secure Streams are created using `lws_ss_create()`, after that they may acquire
underlying connections, and lose them, but the lifecycle of the Secure Stream
itself is not directly related to any underlying connection.

Once created, Secure Streams may attempt connections, these may fail and once
the number of failures exceeds the count of attempts to conceal in the retry /
backoff policy, the stream reaches `LWSSSCS_ALL_RETRIES_FAILED`.  The stream becomes
idle again until another explicit connection attempt is given.

Once connected, the user code can use `lws_ss_request_tx()` to ask for a slot
to write to the peer, when this if forthcoming the tx handler can send a message.
If the underlying protocol gives indications of transaction success, such as,
eg, a 200 for http, or an ACK from MQTT, the stream state is called back with
an `LWSSSCS_QOS_ACK_REMOTE` or `LWSSSCS_QOS_NACK_REMOTE`.

## SS Callback return handling

SS state(), rx() and tx() can indicate with their return code some common
situations that should be handled by the caller.

Constant|Scope|Meaning
---|---|---
LWSSSSRET_TX_DONT_SEND|tx|This opportunity to send something was passed on
LWSSSSRET_OK|state, rx, tx|No error, continue doing what we're doing
LWSSSSRET_DISCONNECT_ME|state, rx|assertively disconnect from peer
LWSSSSRET_DESTROY_ME|state, rx|Caller should now destroy the stream itself
LWSSSSRET_SS_HANDLE_DESTROYED|state|Something handled a request to destroy the stream

Destruction of the stream we're calling back on inside the callback is tricky,
it's preferable to return `LWSSSSRET_DESTROY_ME` if it is required, and let the
caller handle it.  But in some cases, helpers called from the callbacks may
destroy the handle themselves, in that case the handler should return
`LWSSSSRET_SS_HANDLE_DESTROYED` indicating that the handle is already destroyed.

## Secure Streams SERVER State lifecycle

![overview](/doc-assets/ss-state-flow-server.png)

You can also run servers defined using Secure Streams, the main difference is
that the user code must assertively create a secure stream of the server type
in order to create the vhost and listening socket.  When this stream is
destroyed, the vhost is destroyed and the listen socket closed, otherwise it
does not perform any rx or tx, it just represents the server lifecycle.

When client connections randomly arrive at the listen socket, new Secure Stream
objects are created along with accept sockets to represent each client
connection.  As they represent the incoming connection, their lifecycle is the
same as that of the underlying connection.  There is no retry concept since as
with eg, http servers, the clients may typically not be routable for new
connections initiated by the server.

Since connections at socket level are already established, new connections are
immediately taken through CREATING, CONNECTING, CONNECTED states for
consistency.

Some underlying protocols like http are "transactional", the server receives
a logical request and must reply with a logical response.  The additional
state `LWSSSCS_SERVER_TXN` provides a point where the user code can set
transaction metadata before or in place of sending any payload.  It's also
possible to defer this until any rx related to the transaction was received,
but commonly with http requests, there is no rx / body.  Configuring the
response there may look like

```
		/*
		 * We do want to ack the transaction...
		 */
		lws_ss_server_ack(m->ss, 0);
		/*
		 * ... it's going to be text/html...
		 */
		lws_ss_set_metadata(m->ss, "mime", "text/html", 9);
		/*
		 * ...it's going to be 128 byte (and request tx)
		 */
		lws_ss_request_tx_len(m->ss, 128);
```

Otherwise the general api usage is very similar to client usage.

## Convention for rx and tx callback return

Function|Return|Meaning
---|---|---
tx|`LWSSSSRET_OK`|Send the amount of `buf` stored in `*len`
tx|`LWSSSSRET_TX_DONT_SEND`|Do not send anything
tx|`LWSSSSRET_DISCONNECT_ME`|Close the current connection
tx|`LWSSSSRET_DESTROY_ME`|Destroy the Secure Stream
rx|>=0|accepted
rx|<0|Close the current connection

# JSON Policy Database

Example JSON policy... formatting is shown for clarity but whitespace can be
omitted in the actual policy.

Ordering is not critical in itself, but forward references are not allowed,
things must be defined before they are allowed to be referenced later in the
JSON.

```
{
	"release": "01234567",
	"product": "myproduct",
	"schema-version": 1,
	"retry": [{
		"default": {
			"backoff": [1000, 2000, 3000, 5000, 10000],
			"conceal": 5,
			"jitterpc": 20
		}
	}],
	"certs": [{
		"isrg_root_x1": "MIIFazCCA1OgAw...AnX5iItreGCc="
	}, {
		"LEX3_isrg_root_x1": "MIIFjTCCA3WgAwIB...WEsikxqEt"
	}],
	"trust_stores": [{
		"le_via_isrg": ["isrg_root_x1", "LEX3_isrg_root_x1"]
	}],
	"s": [{
		"mintest": {
			"endpoint": "warmcat.com",
			"port": 4443,
			"protocol": "h1get",
			"aux": "index.html",
			"plugins": [],
			"tls": true,
			"opportunistic": true,
			"retry": "default",
			"tls_trust_store": "le_via_isrg"
		}
	}]
}
```

### `Release`

Identifies the policy version

### `Product`

Identifies the product the policy should apply to

### `Schema-version`

The minimum version of the policy parser required to parse this policy

### `via-socks5`

Optional redirect for Secure Streams client traffic through a socks5
proxy given in the format `address:port`, eg, `127.0.0.1:12345`.

### `retry`

A list of backoff schemes referred to in the policy

### `backoff`

An array of ms delays for each retry in turn

### `conceal`

The number of retries to conceal from higher layers before giving errors.  If
this is larger than the number of times in the backoff array, then the last time
is used for the extra delays.  65535 means never stop trying.

### `jitterpc`

Percentage of the delay times mentioned in the backoff array that may be
randomly added to the figure from the array.  For example with an array entry of
1000ms, and jitterpc of 20%, actual delays will be chosen randomly from 1000ms
through 1200ms.  This is to stop retry storms triggered by a single event like
an outage becoming synchronized into a DoS.

### `certs`

Certificates needed for validation should be listed here each with a name.  The
format is base64 DER, which is the same as the part of PEM that is inside the
start and end lines.

### `trust_stores`

Chains of certificates given in the `certs` section may be named and described
inside the `trust_stores` section.  Each entry in `trust_stores` is created as
a vhost + tls context with the given name.  Stream types can later be associated
with one of these to enforce validity checking of the remote server.

Entries should be named using "name" and the stack array defined using "stack"

### `auth`

Optional section describing a map of available authentication streamtypes to
auth token blob indexes.

```
...
 "auth": [{"name":"newauth","type":"sigv4", "blob":0}]
...
```

Streams can indicate they depend on a valid auth token from one of these schemes
by using the `"use_auth": "name"` member in the streamtype definition, where name
is, eg, "sigv4" in the example above.  If "use_auth" is not in the streamtype
definition, default auth is lwa if "http_auth_header" is there.

### `auth[].name`

This is the name of the authentication scheme used by other streamtypes

### `auth[].type`

Indicate the auth type, e.g. sigv4

### `auth[].streamtype`

This is the auth streamtype to be used to refresh the authentication token

### `auth[].blob`

This is the auth blob index the authentication token is stored into and retreived
from system blob, currently up to 4 blobs.

### `s`

These are an array of policies for the supported stream type names.

### `server`

**SERVER ONLY**: if set to `true`, the policy describes a secure streams
server.

### `endpoint`

**CLIENT**: The DNS address the secure stream should connect to.

This may contain string symbols which will be replaced with the
corresponding streamtype metadata value at runtime.  Eg, if the
streamtype lists a metadata name "region", it's then possible to
define the endpoint as, eg, `${region}.mysite.com`, and before
attempting the connection setting the stream's metadata item
"region" to the desired value, eg, "uk".

If the endpoint string begins with `+`, then it's understood to
mean a connection to a Unix Domain Socket, for Linux `+@` means
the following Unix Domain Socket is in the Linux Abstract
Namespace and doesn't have a filesystem footprint.  This is only
supported on unix-type and windows platforms and when lws was
configured with `-DLWS_UNIX_SOCK=1`

**SERVER**: If given, the network interface name or IP address the listen socket
should bind to.

**SERVER**: If begins with '!', the rest of the endpoint name is the
vhost name of an existing vhost to bind to, instead of creating a new
one.  This is useful when the vhost layout is already being managed by
lejp-conf JSON and it's more convenient to put the details in there.

### `port`

**CLIENT**: The port number as an integer on the endpoint to connect to

**SERVER**: The port number the server will listen on

### `protocol`

**CLIENT**: The wire protocol to connect to the endpoint with.  Currently
supported streamtypes are

|Wire protocol|Description|
|---|---|
|h1|http/1|
|h2|http/2|
|ws|http/1 Websockets|
|mqtt|mqtt 3.1.1|
|raw||

Raw protocol is a bit different than the others in that there is no protocol framing,
whatever is received on the connection is passed to the user rx callback and whatever
the tx callback provides is issued on to the connection.  Because tcp can be
arbitrarily fragmented by any intermediary, such streams have to be regarded as an
ordered bytestream that may be fragmented at any byte without any meaning in terms
of message boundaries, for that reason SOM and EOM are ignored with raw.

### `allow_redirects`

By default redirects are not followed, if you wish a streamtype to observe them, eg,
because that's how it responds to a POST, set `"allow_redirects": true`

### `tls`

Set to `true` to enforce the stream travelling in a tls tunnel

### `client cert`

Set if the stream needs to authenticate itself using a tls client certificate.
Set to the certificate index counting from 0+.  The certificates are managed
using lws_sytstem blobs.

### `opportunistic`

Set to `true` if the connection may be left dropped except when in use

### `nailed_up`

Set to `true` to have lws retry if the connection carrying this stream should
ever drop.

### `retry`

The name of the policy described in the `retry` section to apply to this
connection for retry + backoff

### `timeout_ms`

Optional timeout associated with streams of this streamtype.

If user code applies the `lws_ss_start_timeout()` api on a stream with a
timeout of LWSSS_TIMEOUT_FROM_POLICY, the `timeout_ms` entry given in the
policy is applied.

### `perf`

If set to true, and lws was built with `LWS_WITH_CONMON`, causes this streamtype
to receive additional rx payload with the `LWSSS_FLAG_PERF_JSON` flag set on it,
that is JSON representing the onward connection performance information.

These are based on the information captured in the struct defined in
libwebsockets/lws-conmon.h, represented in JSON

```
	{
	  "peer": "46.105.127.147",
	  "dns_us": 1234,
	  "sockconn_us": 1234,
	  "tls_us": 1234,
	  "txn_resp_us": 1234,
	  "dns":["46.105.127.147", "2001:41d0:2:ee93::1"]
	}
```

Streamtypes without "perf": true will never see the special rx payloads.
Notice that the `LWSSS_FLAG_PERF_JSON` payloads must be handled out of band
for the normal payloads, as they can appear inside normal payload messages.

### `tls_trust_store`

The name of the trust store described in the `trust_stores` section to apply
to validate the remote server cert.

If missing and tls is enabled on the streamtype, then validation is
attempted using the OS trust store, otherwise the connection fails.

### `use_auth`

Indicate that the streamtype should use the named auth type from the `auth`
array in the policy

### `aws_region`

Indicate which metadata should be used to set aws region for certain streamtype

### `aws_service`

Indicate which metadata should be used to set aws service for certain streamtype

### `direct_proto_str`

If set to `true`, application can use `lws_ss_set_metadata()` to directly set protocol related string and use `lws_ss_get_metadata` to fetch certain protocol related string.  Please note that currently HTTP header is the supported protocol string.  The `name` parameter is the name of HTTP header name (**with ':'**, e.g. `"Content-Type:"`) and `value` is the header's value. `LWS_WITH_SS_DIRECT_PROTOCOL_STR` flag needs to be configured during compilation for this.  Currently it's only work for non-proxy case.

### `server_cert`

**SERVER ONLY**: subject to change... the name of the x.509 cert that is the
server's tls certificate

### `server_key`

**SERVER ONLY**: subject to change... the name of the x.509 cert that is the
server's tls key

### `swake_validity`

Set to `true` if this streamtype is important enough for the functioning of the
device that its locally-initiated periodic connection validity checks of the
interval described in the associated retry / backoff selection, are important
enough to wake the whole system from low power suspend so they happen on
schedule.

### `proxy_buflen`

Only used when the streamtype is proxied... sets the maximum size of the
payload buffering (in bytes) the proxy will hold for this type of stream.  If
the endpoint dumps a lot of data without any flow control, this may need to
be correspondingly large.  Default is 32KB.

### `proxy_buflen_rxflow_on_above`, `proxy_buflen_rxflow_off_below`

When `proxy_buflen` is set, you can also wire up the amount of buffered
data intended for the client held at the proxy, to the onward ss wsi
rx flow control state.  If more than `proxy_buflen_rxflow_on_above`
bytes are buffered, rx flow control is set stopping further rx.  Once
the dsh is drained below `proxy_buflen_rxflow_off_below`, the rx flow
control is released and RX resumes.

### `client_buflen`

Only used when the streamtype is proxied... sets the maximum size of the
payload buffering (in bytes) the client will hold for this type of stream.  If
the client sends a lot of data without any flow control, this may need to
be correspondingly large.  Default is 32KB.

### `attr_priority`

A number between 0 (normal priority) and 6 (very high priority).  7 is also
possible, but requires CAP_NET_ADMIN on Linux and is reserved for network
administration packets.  Normally default priority is fine, but under some
conditions when transporting over IP packets, you may want to control the
IP packet ToS priority for the streamtype by using this.

### `attr_low_latency`

This is a flag indicating that the streamtype packets should be transported
in a way that results in lower latency where there is a choice.  For IP packets,
this sets the ToS "low delay" flag on packets from this streamtype.

### `attr_high_throughput`

This is a flag indicating that this streamtype should be expected to produce
bulk content that requires high throughput.  For IP packets,
this sets the ToS "high throughput" flag on packets from this streamtype.

### `attr_high_reliability`

This is a flag indicating that extra efforts should be made to deliver packets
from this streamtype where possible.  For IP packets, this sets the ToS "high
reliability" flag on packets from this streamtype.

### `attr_low_cost`

This is a flag indicating that packets from this streamtype should be routed as
inexpensively as possible by trading off latency and reliability where there is
a choice.  For IP packets, this sets the ToS "low cost" flag on packets from
this streamtype.

### `metadata`

This allows declaring basically dynamic symbol names to be used by the streamtype,
along with an optional mapping to a protocol-specific entity such as a given
http header.  Eg:

```
		"metadata": [ { "myname": "" }, { "ctype": "content-type:" } ],
```

In this example "ctype" is associated with the http header "content-type" while
"myname" doesn't have any association to a header.

Symbol names may be used in the other policy for the streamtype for string
substitution using the syntax like `xxx${myname}yyy`, forward references are
valid but the scope of the symbols is just the streamtype the metadata is
defined for.

Client code can set metadata by name, using the `lws_ss_set_metadata()` api, this
should be done before a transaction.  And for metadata associated with a
protocol-specific entity, like http headers, if incoming responses contain the
mentioned header, the metadata symbol is set to that value at the client before
any rx proceeds.

Metadata continues to work the same for the client in the case it is proxying its
connectivity, metadata is passed in both directions serialized over the proxy link.

## http transport

### `http_method`

HTTP method to use with http-related protocols, like GET or POST.
Not required for ws.

### `http_expect`

Optionally indicates that success for HTTP transactions using this
streamtype is different than the default 200 - 299.

Eg, you may choose to set this to 204 for Captive Portal Detect usage
if that's what you expect the server to reply with to indicate
success.  In that case, anything other than 204 will be treated as a
connection failure.

### `http_fail_redirect`

Set to `true` if you want to fail the connection on meeting an
http redirect.  This is needed to, eg, detect Captive Portals
correctly.  Normally, if on https, you would want the default behaviour
of following the redirect.

### `http_url`

Url path to use with http-related protocols

The URL path can include metatadata like this

"/mypath?whatever=${metadataname}"

${metadataname} will be replaced by the current value of the
same metadata name.  The metadata names must be listed in the
"metadata": [ ] section.

### `http_resp_map`

If your server overloads the meaning of the http transport response code with
server-custom application codes, you can map these to discrete Secure Streams
state callbacks using a JSON map, eg

```
		"http_resp_map": [ { "530": 1530 }, { "531": 1531 } ],
```

It's not recommended to abuse the transport layer http response code by
mixing it with application state information like this, but if it's dealing
with legacy serverside that takes this approach, it's possible to handle it
in SS this way while removing the dependency on http.

### `http_auth_header`

The name of the header that takes the auth token, with a trailing ':', eg

```
  "http_auth_header": "authorization:"
```

### `http_dsn_header`

The name of the header that takes the dsn token, with a trailing ':', eg

```
  "http_dsn_header": "x-dsn:"
```

### `http_fwv_header`

The name of the header that takes the firmware version token, with a trailing ':', eg

```
  "http_fwv_header": "x-fw-version:"
```

### `http_devtype_header`

The name of the header that takes the device type token, with a trailing ':', eg

```
  "http_devtype_header": "x-device-type:"
```

### `http_auth_preamble`

An optional string that precedes the auth token, eg

```
 "http_auth_preamble": "bearer "
```

### `auth_hexify`

Convert the auth token to hex ('A' -> "41") before transporting.  Not necessary if the
auth token is already in printable string format suitable for transport.  Needed if the
auth token is a chunk of 8-bit binary.

### `nghttp2_quirk_end_stream`

Set this to `true` if the peer server has the quirk it won't send a response until we have
sent an `END_STREAM`, even though we have sent headers with `END_HEADERS`.

### `h2q_oflow_txcr`

Set this to `true` if the peer server has the quirk it sends an maximum initial tx credit
of 0x7fffffff and then later increments it illegally.

### `http_multipart_ss_in`

Indicates that SS should parse any incoming multipart mime on this stream

### `http_multipart_name`

Indicates this stream goes out using multipart mime, and provides the name part of the
multipart header

### `http_multipart_filename`

Indicates this stream goes out using multipart mime, and provides the filename part of the
multipart header

### `http_multipart_content_type`

The `content-type` to mark up the multipart mime section with if present

### `http_www_form_urlencoded`

Indicate the data is sent in `x-www-form-urlencoded` form

### `http_cookies`

This streamtype should store and bring out http cookies from the peer.

### `rideshare`

For special cases where one logically separate stream travels with another when using this
protocol.  Eg, a single multipart mime transaction carries content from two or more streams.

## ws transport

### `ws_subprotocol`

** CLIENT **: Name of the ws subprotocol to request from the server

** SERVER **: Name of the subprotocol we will accept

### `ws_binary`

Use if the ws messages are binary

### `ws_prioritize_reads`

Set `true` if the event loop should prioritize keeping up with input at the
potential expense of output latency.

## MQTT transport

### `mqtt_topic`

Set the topic this streamtype uses for writes

### `mqtt_subscribe`

Set the topic this streamtype subscribes to

### `mqtt qos`

Set the QOS level for this streamtype

### `mqtt_retain`

Set to true if this streamtype should use MQTT's "retain" feature.

### `mqtt_keep_alive`

16-bit number representing MQTT keep alive for the stream.